Civil conflict refers to armed hostilities or violence that occur within the borders of a single country, typically involving two or more opposing groups or parties. These conflicts can arise from a variety of factors such as political, ethnic, religious, or economic tensions. Civil conflicts can have devastating impacts on a country's population, infrastructure, and economy, often leading to widespread human suffering, displacement, and economic instability. Researchers studying civil conflict often focus on understanding the root causes of these conflicts, the dynamics of violence and conflict resolution, and the impacts of conflict on societies and individuals. They may also explore strategies for preventing and resolving civil conflicts in order to promote peace and stability.